The polysaccharides found in mushrooms have been described as effective immuno-modulating agents. Mushrooms have long been celebrated as a source of powerful nutrients. Considering the limitation of the above, early intervention using mushrooms as functional food may be a helpful strategy. Trials with nerve growth factor (NGF) for Alzheimer's disease had gained some degree of success but the high molecular weight of NGF reduces its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Functional food is food that has a potentially positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition and it is considered to offer additional benefits that may reduce the risk of disease or promote optimal health. It is therefore of utmost importance to find appropriate solutions to prevent, or perhaps impede, the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Īn alternative approach to prevent or treat such diseases is by dietary supplementations and functional foods. Further, the drug development pipeline is drying up and the number of drugs reaching the market has lagged behind the growing need for such drugs. Current drug therapy for neurodegenerative diseases is ineffective with many side effects and it only provides a short term delay in the progression of the disease. The economic burden of neurodegenerative disease is enormous and is expected to grow rapidly as more people live longer. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: This work was funded by the University of Malaya High Impact Research Ministry of Education (MoE) Grants: UM.C/625/1/HIR/MoE/SC/02 and UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/ASH/01, as well as a Postgraduate Research Grant (PV007/2012A) from the Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), University of Malaya.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: JAccepted: OctoPublished: November 13, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Phan et al. PLoS ONE 10(11):Įditor: Ferenc Gallyas Jr., University of Pecs Medical School, HUNGARY giganteus may enhance neurite outgrowth and one of the key bioactive molecules responsible for neurite outgrowth is uridine.Ĭitation: Phan C-W, David P, Wong K-H, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V (2015) Uridine from Pleurotus giganteus and Its Neurite Outgrowth Stimulatory Effects with Underlying Mechanism. MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR further induced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) all of which promoted neurite outgrowth of N2a cells.
Further, phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was also increased. giganteus (1.80☐.03 g/100g mushroom extract) increased the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and protein kinase B (Akt). Uridine (100 μM) was found to increase the percentage of neurite-bearing cells of differentiating neuroblastoma (N2a) cells by 43.1☐.5%, which was 1.8-fold higher than NGF (50 ng/mL)-treated cells. giganteus (linoleic acid, oleic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, and uridine) were tested for neurite outgrowth activity. An edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus was found to stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro but the chemical constituents and the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to neuronal cell death and impairment of neurite outgrowth.
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